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1 Hurter, Ferdinand
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 15 March 1844 Schaffhausen, Switzerlandd. 5 March 1898[br]Swiss chemist who, with Vero Charles Driffield, established the basis of modern sensitometry in England.[br]Ferdinand Hurter worked for three years as a dyer's apprentice before entering the Polytechnic in Zurich; he transferred to Heidelberg, where he graduated in 1866. A year later he secured an appointment as a chemist for the British alkali manufacturing company, Gaskell, Deacon \& Co. of Widnes, Cheshire. In 1871 he was joined at the company by the young engineer Vero Charles Driffield, who was to become his co-worker. Driffield had worked for a professional photographer before beginning his engineering apprenticeship and it was in 1876, when Hurter sought to draw on this experience, that the partnership began. At this time the speed of the new gelatine halide dry plates was expressed in terms of the speed of a wet-collodion plate, an almost worthless concept as the speed of a collodion plate was itself variable. Hurter and Driffield sought to place the study of photographic emulsions on a more scientific basis. They constructed an actinometer to measure the intensity of sunlight and in 1890 published the first of a series of papers on the sensitivity of photographic plates. They suggested methods of exposing a plate to lights of known intensities and measuring the densities obtained on development. They were able to plot curves based on density and exposure which became known as the H \& D curve. Hurter and Driffield's work allowed them to express the characteristics of an emulsion with a nomenclature which was soon adopted by British plate manufacturers. From the 1890s onwards most British-made plates were identified with H \& D ratings. Hurter and Driffield's partnership was ended by the former's death in 1898.[br]Further ReadingW.B.Ferguson (ed.), 1920, The Photographic Researches of Ferdinand Hurter \& Vero C. Driffield, London: Royal Photographic Society reprinted in facsimile, with a new introd. by W.Clark, 1974, New York (a memorial volume; the most complete account of Hurter and Driffield's work, includes a reprint of all their published papers).JW -
2 karakteristika fotoemulzije
• hurter and driffield curve -
3 характеристическая кривая
1) Engineering: characteristic curve, sensitometric curve2) Railway term: diagram of performance3) Mining: family curve4) Cinema: D-log E curve5) Polygraphy: H&D curve, characteristic curve (светочувствительного материала)6) Information technology: curve7) Astronautics: performance curve8) Automation: characteristic, performance diagram, response curve9) Makarov: D-log E curve (фотографической эмульсии), H and D curve (Hurter and Driffield curve) (фотографической эмульсии), Hurter and Driffield curve (H and D curve) (фотографической эмульсии)10) Combustion gas turbines: characteristic length11) Sensitometry: H and D curve (кривая, выражающая в графической форме зависимость между оптическими плотностями проявленного фотографического слоя и логарифмами экспозиций, действовавших на слой), Hunter and Driffield curve (кривая, выражающая в графической форме зависимость между оптическими плотностями проявленного фотографического слоя и логарифмами экспозиций, действовавших на слой)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > характеристическая кривая
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4 характеристическая кривая
characteristic curve, D-log E curve, Hurter and Driffield curve кфт., sensitometric curve, curve* * *Русско-английский политехнический словарь > характеристическая кривая
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5 характеристическая кривая
D-log E curve, ( фотографической эмульсии) Hurter and Driffield curveРусско-английский словарь по электронике > характеристическая кривая
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6 характеристическая кривая
D-log E curve, ( фотографической эмульсии) Hurter and Driffield curveРусско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > характеристическая кривая
См. также в других словарях:
h and d curve — |āchənˈdē noun Usage: usually capitalized H&D Etymology: after Ferdinand Hurter and Charles Driffield fl 1890 British photographers : characteristic curve a * * * Photog. See characteristic curve. [after Ferdin … Useful english dictionary
H and D curve — noun see characteristic curve * * * Photog. See characteristic curve. [after Ferdinand Hurter (1844 98), Swiss chemist, and Vero Charles Driffield (1848 1915), English chemist, who jointly descibed it in 1890] … Useful english dictionary
H and D curve — Photog. See characteristic curve. [after Ferdinand Hurter (1844 98), Swiss chemist, and Vero Charles Driffield (1848 1915), English chemist, who jointly descibed it in 1890] * * * … Universalium
Curve (tonality) — Photo and curve dialog in the GIMP Photo and curve … Wikipedia
h and d system — noun Usage: usually capitalized H&D Etymology: after Ferdinand Hurter and Charles Driffield fl 1890 : a system for determining the speed of photographic materials that is based on the characteristic curve and related to the inertia of the… … Useful english dictionary
Reciprocity (photography) — In photography and holography, reciprocity refers to the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines exposure of light sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the… … Wikipedia
Film speed — is the measure of a photographic film s sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system. A closely related ISO system is used to measure the sensitivity of digital… … Wikipedia
Sensitometry — is the scientific study of light sensitive materials, especially photographic film. The study has its origins in the work by Ferdinand Hurter and Vero Charles Driffield (circa 1876) with early black and white emulsions. [Hurter, Ferdinand… … Wikipedia
Gamma correction — Gamma correction, gamma nonlinearity, gamma encoding, or often simply gamma, is the name of a nonlinear operation used to code and decode luminance or tristimulus values in video or still image systems. [cite book | title = Digital Video and HDTV … Wikipedia
Densitometry — Principle of spot light densitometry Densitometry is the quantitative measurement of optical density in light sensitive materials, such as photographic paper or film, due to exposure to light. Optical density is a result of the darkness of a… … Wikipedia
Exposure (photography) — Underexposure redirects here. For the 2005 film by Oday Rasheed, see Underexposure (2005 film). A long exposure showing stars rotating around the southern and northern celestial poles. Credit: European Southern Observatory … Wikipedia